Parts of a Plant and Their Functions
"Identify roots, stem, leaves, flower, and fruit, and describe what each part does."
A Today you'll learn
- Identify the root system and shoot system of a flowering plant
- Explain the vital functions of roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds
- Understand how leaves act as the "food factory" of the plant through photosynthesis
B Let's understand
A plant has two main systems: the root system, which grows below the soil, and the shoot system, which grows above the ground. Roots anchor the plant firmly in the soil and absorb water and essential minerals. There are two main types of roots: taproots (like carrot and bean) and fibrous roots (like grass and wheat). The shoot system consists of the stem, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The stem holds the plant upright and transports water and food. Leaves are known as the "kitchen" or "food factory" of the plant because they use green chlorophyll, sunlight, water, and air to produce food. Flowers bloom into fruits, which contain seeds that can grow into new plants.
C See it step by step
- Leaves contain a green pigment called chlorophyll.
- Chlorophyll traps sunlight, which the leaf uses along with water and carbon dioxide to prepare food (glucose).
- Because food preparation happens inside leaves, they are known as the plant’s kitchen or food factory.
- Taproot: One thick main root that grows deep down, with smaller secondary roots branching off (e.g., carrot, radish, mango).
- Fibrous roots: A bunch of thin, thread-like roots of equal size spreading out from the base of the stem (e.g., grass, onion, rice).
D Your turn
E Ready to practise?
Key idea 1
The root system is below ground; the shoot system is above ground.
Key idea 2
Roots absorb water and minerals and anchor the plant in the soil.
Key idea 3
The stem supports branches and carries water up and food throughout the plant.
Key idea 4
Leaves make food for the plant using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide (photosynthesis).
Flowers produce fruits
Flowers produce fruits, and fruits protect seeds that sprout into new plants.