Multiplication and Tables
"Multiply 2- and 3-digit numbers using repeated addition, area models and standard multiplication."
A Today you'll learn
- Understand multiplication as repeated addition and equal groups
- Recall multiplication tables up to 12 with speed and confidence
- Multiply a 2-digit and 3-digit number by a 1-digit number with regrouping
B Let's understand
Multiplication is a fast way of adding equal groups together. For instance, 4 groups of 6 items is the same as 6 + 6 + 6 + 6, which equals 24 (written as 4 × 6 = 24). The numbers being multiplied are called factors, and the result is called the product. Key properties make multiplication easy: multiplying by 0 always gives 0, multiplying by 1 leaves the number unchanged, and the order of factors does not change the product (4 × 5 = 5 × 4 = 20).
C See it step by step
- Multiply Ones: 6 × 4 = 24. Write 4 in ones place, carry 2 to tens.
- Multiply Tens: 4 × 4 = 16. Add carried 2: 16 + 2 = 18. Write 8 in tens place, carry 1 to hundreds.
- Multiply Hundreds: 1 × 4 = 4. Add carried 1: 4 + 1 = 5. Write 5 in hundreds place.
- Product = 584.
- Each box has 24 crayons, and there are 8 boxes.
- Calculation: 24 × 8.
- Ones: 4 × 8 = 32 (write 2, carry 3).
- Tens: 2 × 8 = 16 + 3 = 19.
- Total = 192 crayons.
D Your turn
E Ready to practise?
Key idea 1
Multiplication is repeated addition of equal numbers.
Key idea 2
The numbers being multiplied are factors; the result is the product.
Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0 (e
Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0 (e.g., 345 × 0 = 0).
Key idea 4
Any number multiplied by 1 equals itself (e.g., 87 × 1 = 87).
Order does not matter
Order does not matter: a × b = b × a (Commutative Property).