Division and Equal Grouping
"Divide numbers into equal shares and find quotients and remainders."
A Today you'll learn
- Understand division as equal distribution and repeated subtraction
- Identify dividend, divisor, quotient, and remainder in division problems
- Divide 2-digit and 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers with and without remainders
B Let's understand
Division means splitting a total quantity into equal groups or finding how many groups of a given size can be made. It is the opposite (inverse) of multiplication. For example, if you have 18 apples and divide them equally into 3 baskets, each basket gets 6 apples (18 ÷ 3 = 6). In this problem, 18 is the dividend (number being divided), 3 is the divisor (number we divide by), and 6 is the quotient (the answer). If any items are left over after equal sharing, they form the remainder.
C See it step by step
- Divide tens: 8 tens ÷ 4 = 2 tens. (4 × 2 = 8, 8 - 8 = 0).
- Bring down ones: 4 ones ÷ 4 = 1 one. (4 × 1 = 4, 4 - 4 = 0).
- Quotient = 21, Remainder = 0.
- Terms: Dividend = 84, Divisor = 4, Quotient = 21.
- Recall 5 times table: 5 × 9 = 45, which is closest to 47 without exceeding it.
- Quotient is 9.
- Find remainder: 47 - 45 = 2.
- Check: (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder = (5 × 9) + 2 = 45 + 2 = 47.
D Your turn
E Ready to practise?
Key idea 1
Division is sharing equally or forming equal groups.
Key idea 2
Dividend ÷ Divisor = Quotient (with Remainder if not exact).
Verification rule
Verification rule: (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder = Dividend.
Key idea 4
The remainder is always strictly smaller than the divisor.
Key idea 5
Division by zero is impossible and not defined.